Confusion over the father's property rights to daughter and son have been the origin of many disputes. Get your doubts cleared, connect with the best Property advocate across India and click on Resolve a property dispute case in India | Lawrato
Learn the intricacies of property rights to daughter and son in a father's property. Find expert property lawyers on LawRato to know your rights to father's self-acquired assets and ancestral property. Children as coparceners (a person who shares equally in the inheritance of an undivided property) have certain rights over their father's property, including the right in the ancestral property by birth a right to survivorship, i.e. the right to divide the share among the rest if one of the coparceners dies along with the right to sell their share of the property to anyone they want and so on. These rights bestowed upon coparceners by Indian succession law can vary depending on circumstances and occasionally even lead to a denial of property shares. The following sections discussed in the article elaborate on the specifics of the father's property rights to his daughter and son.
In India, the distribution of a father's property after his death is governed by the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. This law applies to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs, and governs the distribution of property in case of intestate succession, i.e., when the father dies without leaving a will. Under the Hindu Succession Act, the property of a Hindu father is first distributed equally among his Class I heirs, which includes his widow, children (including daughters), and mother. If the father's mother is not alive, then the property will be distributed equally among his widow and children. If any of the Class I heirs are not alive or have predeceased the father, then their share will go to their own legal heirs. For example, if a daughter has predeceased the father, then her children will be entitled to her share of the property. If there are no Class I heirs, then the property will pass on to Class II heirs, which includes the father's father, brothers, and sisters. If any of the Class II heirs are not alive or have predeceased the father, then their share will go to their own legal heirs. It's important to note that if the father has left a Will, then the distribution of his property will be governed by the terms of the Will.
Under the Hindu Succession Law, property for the purpose of inheritance has been divided into ancestral and self-acquired property and the rights related to each of these also differ. Rights of a son if the property is ancestral When the property is ancestral, inheritance rights to sons accrue by the time of birth as a son is a joint owner of ancestral property. A son also holds a right to file a partition suit for his rightful share in the property and can ask for the same during the lifetime of his father. Moreover, he can sell his share in the ancestral property to any third person even before the formal partition of the property has taken place. Rights of a son if the property is self-acquired In the case of self-acquired property, the father has a right to gift or Will the property to anyone he deems fit, and the daughter cannot raise an objection over such transfer. Thus, if the property is a self-acquired property of the father and he has gifted or willed such property to someone by his own will, without any coercion, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation, a right cannot be claimed over the property.
Earlier, only male members of the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) had a right over the ancestral property. However, after the amendment made to the Hindu Succession Act in the year 2005, a Hindu female has an equal right in ancestral property as that of a Hindu male. By the said amendment, women were also made coparceners in the HUF setup. Whereas, self-acquired property has been defined as property purchased by an individual from his resources or through any property he acquired from his share in ancestral property. An owner of a self-acquired property has all the rights to dispose of a self-acquired property in any manner he deems fit, and the legal heirs will not be able to raise an objection. The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 which came into effect from 9th September 2005 has removed provisions that were discriminatory toward Hindu daughters' inheritance rights and has given equal coparcenary rights to them as sons. Can a married daughter claim father's property? A married Hindu daughter also has a right of residence in her father's house if she is deserted, divorced, or widowed. Further, until recently, the rights guaranteed to daughters under the 2005 amendment were considered to be applicable only to cases where a woman's father was alive as on 09.09.2005 (i.e. the date on which the amendment was brought into force). This meant that women whose fathers died before 09.09.2005 were denied the coparcenary rights guaranteed by the 2005 amendment. After various differing opinions within the Indian judiciary on the issue of retrospective applicability of the amendment, the Supreme Court recently in August 2020 brought finality to the matter and made the amendment applicable retrospectively to all cases irrespective of the date of 09.09.2005. This final move has completely eliminated any discrimination between the rights of daughters and sons to their father's property under the Act.
Divorce does not affect the rights of a child in their father's ancestral property. A child may be excluded from their father's ancestral property if there is a will that excludes them from inheriting such ancestral property. A father's self-acquired property is his sole possession, affording him the liberty to dispose of or transfer it as he sees fit. It's important to note that a child does not inherently possess a claim to their father's self-acquired property. Typically, such property is inherited through parental bequest. However, in the event of the father's demise without a will, the child may rightfully stake a claim to a portion of the self-acquired property. Importantly, the child's entitlement to the father's property in cases of divorce depends upon the existence of a will made by the father.
In a recent case, the Supreme Court held that a property that was gifted by a father to his son could not be counted as ancestral property simply because he got it from his father. The court stated that the property of the grandfather can be held as the father's ancestral property. There are only two conditions under which the father would get the property, one being that he inherits the property after his father dies or in case the father's father had made a partition during his lifetime. However, when the father obtains the grandfather's property by way of a gift, it is not considered ancestral property. Sons and daughters don't have any claim on the said property gifted by the grandfather. A gift from the father to his son is not a part of the ancestral property as the son does not inherit the property on the death of the grandfather or receive it by a partition made by the grandfather during his lifetime. The grandson has no legal right on such a property because his grandfather chose to bestow a favour on his father that he could have bestowed on any other person as well. Thus, the interest which he takes in such property must depend upon the will of the grantor, and therefore, when the son has got the property from his father as a gift, his other sons or daughters cannot claim any part in it calling it an ancestral property. He can alienate the gifted property to anyone he likes and in any way he likes. Such a property is treated as a self-acquired property, provided there is no expressed intention in the deed of the gift by the grandfather while gifting the property to his son.
The answer to this question depends on various factors such as the religion of the father, whether he left a will and the state in which the property is located.
If the father has made a will, the property would be distributed as per the terms of the will. If the father did not make a will, the property would be distributed among his legal heirs as per the applicable laws. It's important to note that the laws relating to property inheritance can vary from state to state in India, so it's advisable to consult a local lawyer for specific advice.
The procedure for family property division in India depends on the specific circumstances and the applicable laws. Here are the general procedures for family property division in India:
It is important to note that the procedure for family property division may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the applicable laws. It is advisable to consult a lawyer for guidance on the specific procedures and laws applicable to a particular case. Before you start executing your plan, be sure that it is right. You might have planned it well, however, there can be certain aspect that you might have wished. Vist the following and get to know that how can LawRato: Resolve a property dispute case in India | Lawrato
The Hindu Succession Act under Sections 24 to 28 provides for certain cases where an heir may be disqualified from inheriting the property of a person dying intestate. Of these disqualifications, one which may lead to the disqualification of the right to inherit property by a son or daughter is the provision of & lsquo murdered disqualified'. As per this provision, a person who commits or abets the commission of the murder shall be disqualified from inheriting any property of the person murdered. Thus, if a son or daughter is found guilty of murdering or abetting the murder of his/her father then, they shall be disqualified by law from claiming their share in his property upon succession.
Vineeta Sharma vs Rakesh Sharma (2020) 9 SCC 1 Recently, the Supreme Court of India, while aiming to ensure the right to equality, held in this case that a daughter coparcener would have equal HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) Properties or equal right to family property by birth, irrespective of whether the father i.e. a coparcener passed away before the 9th September 2005 (which is the day when the Parliament recognized daughter's right to equal coparcenary as a son by amending the Hindu Succession Act 1956). It was stated by the Three-Judge Bench that the right of the daughter was one bestowed by her birth and would remain unaffected by the date of her father's death. This judgment settled the confusion and issue pertaining to the applicability and scope of Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act 1956 as amended by the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005. The impact of Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma While this landmark judgment has cleared up existing doubts and confusion and significantly improved women's rights under the law, its application, in reality, is restricted. The decision applies only to HUF properties and personal and self-acquired properties remain unaffected. These assets are passed on through will or succession law. Personal wealth, including ownership rights in family businesses, are usually held by the patriarchs. Existing business families may still continue to hold wealth through HUFs, but the scale of such holdings has considerably reduced. Few business families continue to establish new HUFs and the majority of the existing HUFs have ceased to operate. Therefore, this judgment may not necessarily transfer real wealth to the daughters.
Sometimes the law and the legal framework can get confusing and difficult to understand, especially when the issue is related to family property and rights of inheritance. In such a scenario, one may not realize how to determine the legal issue, the area to which the issue relates, whether the issue requires going to court, and, how the court procedure works. Seeing a property lawyer and getting some legal advice can enable you to comprehend your choices and can give you the certainty to enable you to determine your legal recourse. You can also use LawRato's Free Legal Advice service to get free advice on your case from expert property lawyers. An experienced attorney can give you expert advice on how to handle your property matter owing to his/her years of experience in handling such cases. A is an expert on the laws and can help you avoid significant mistakes that may cause financial harm or will require future legal proceedings to correct. Thus, by hiring an attorney you can ensure avoiding delay and can get your share in the property as quickly as possible.
Learn the intricacies of property rights to daughter and son in a father's property. Find expert property lawyers on LawRato to know your rights to father's self-acquired assets and ancestral property. Children as coparceners (a person who shares equally in the inheritance of an undivided property) have certain rights over their father's property, including the right in the ancestral property by birth a right to survivorship, i.e. the right to divide the share among the rest if one of the coparceners dies along with the right to sell their share of the property to anyone they want and so on. These rights bestowed upon coparceners by Indian succession law can vary depending on circumstances and occasionally even lead to a denial of property shares. The following sections discussed in the article elaborate on the specifics of the father's property rights to his daughter and son.
In India, the distribution of a father's property after his death is governed by the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. This law applies to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs, and governs the distribution of property in case of intestate succession, i.e., when the father dies without leaving a will. Under the Hindu Succession Act, the property of a Hindu father is first distributed equally among his Class I heirs, which includes his widow, children (including daughters), and mother. If the father's mother is not alive, then the property will be distributed equally among his widow and children. If any of the Class I heirs are not alive or have predeceased the father, then their share will go to their own legal heirs. For example, if a daughter has predeceased the father, then her children will be entitled to her share of the property. If there are no Class I heirs, then the property will pass on to Class II heirs, which includes the father's father, brothers, and sisters. If any of the Class II heirs are not alive or have predeceased the father, then their share will go to their own legal heirs. It's important to note that if the father has left a Will, then the distribution of his property will be governed by the terms of the Will.
Under the Hindu Succession Law, property for the purpose of inheritance has been divided into ancestral and self-acquired property and the rights related to each of these also differ. Rights of a son if the property is ancestral When the property is ancestral, inheritance rights to sons accrue by the time of birth as a son is a joint owner of ancestral property. A son also holds a right to file a partition suit for his rightful share in the property and can ask for the same during the lifetime of his father. Moreover, he can sell his share in the ancestral property to any third person even before the formal partition of the property has taken place. Rights of a son if the property is self-acquired In the case of self-acquired property, the father has a right to gift or Will the property to anyone he deems fit, and the daughter cannot raise an objection over such transfer. Thus, if the property is a self-acquired property of the father and he has gifted or willed such property to someone by his own will, without any coercion, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation, a right cannot be claimed over the property.
Earlier, only male members of the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) had a right over the ancestral property. However, after the amendment made to the Hindu Succession Act in the year 2005, a Hindu female has an equal right in ancestral property as that of a Hindu male. By the said amendment, women were also made coparceners in the HUF setup. Whereas, self-acquired property has been defined as property purchased by an individual from his resources or through any property he acquired from his share in ancestral property. An owner of a self-acquired property has all the rights to dispose of a self-acquired property in any manner he deems fit, and the legal heirs will not be able to raise an objection. The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 which came into effect from 9th September 2005 has removed provisions that were discriminatory toward Hindu daughters' inheritance rights and has given equal coparcenary rights to them as sons. Can a married daughter claim father's property? A married Hindu daughter also has a right of residence in her father's house if she is deserted, divorced, or widowed. Further, until recently, the rights guaranteed to daughters under the 2005 amendment were considered to be applicable only to cases where a woman's father was alive as on 09.09.2005 (i.e. the date on which the amendment was brought into force). This meant that women whose fathers died before 09.09.2005 were denied the coparcenary rights guaranteed by the 2005 amendment. After various differing opinions within the Indian judiciary on the issue of retrospective applicability of the amendment, the Supreme Court recently in August 2020 brought finality to the matter and made the amendment applicable retrospectively to all cases irrespective of the date of 09.09.2005. This final move has completely eliminated any discrimination between the rights of daughters and sons to their father's property under the Act.
Divorce does not affect the rights of a child in their father's ancestral property. A child may be excluded from their father's ancestral property if there is a will that excludes them from inheriting such ancestral property. A father's self-acquired property is his sole possession, affording him the liberty to dispose of or transfer it as he sees fit. It's important to note that a child does not inherently possess a claim to their father's self-acquired property. Typically, such property is inherited through parental bequest. However, in the event of the father's demise without a will, the child may rightfully stake a claim to a portion of the self-acquired property. Importantly, the child's entitlement to the father's property in cases of divorce depends upon the existence of a will made by the father.
In a recent case, the Supreme Court held that a property that was gifted by a father to his son could not be counted as ancestral property simply because he got it from his father. The court stated that the property of the grandfather can be held as the father's ancestral property. There are only two conditions under which the father would get the property, one being that he inherits the property after his father dies or in case the father's father had made a partition during his lifetime. However, when the father obtains the grandfather's property by way of a gift, it is not considered ancestral property. Sons and daughters don't have any claim on the said property gifted by the grandfather. A gift from the father to his son is not a part of the ancestral property as the son does not inherit the property on the death of the grandfather or receive it by a partition made by the grandfather during his lifetime. The grandson has no legal right on such a property because his grandfather chose to bestow a favour on his father that he could have bestowed on any other person as well. Thus, the interest which he takes in such property must depend upon the will of the grantor, and therefore, when the son has got the property from his father as a gift, his other sons or daughters cannot claim any part in it calling it an ancestral property. He can alienate the gifted property to anyone he likes and in any way he likes. Such a property is treated as a self-acquired property, provided there is no expressed intention in the deed of the gift by the grandfather while gifting the property to his son.
The answer to this question depends on various factors such as the religion of the father, whether he left a will and the state in which the property is located.
If the father has made a will, the property would be distributed as per the terms of the will. If the father did not make a will, the property would be distributed among his legal heirs as per the applicable laws. It's important to note that the laws relating to property inheritance can vary from state to state in India, so it's advisable to consult a local lawyer for specific advice.
The procedure for family property division in India depends on the specific circumstances and the applicable laws. Here are the general procedures for family property division in India:
It is important to note that the procedure for family property division may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the applicable laws. It is advisable to consult a lawyer for guidance on the specific procedures and laws applicable to a particular case. Before you start executing your plan, be sure that it is right. You might have planned it well, however, there can be certain aspect that you might have wished. Vist the following and get to know that how can LawRato: Resolve a property dispute case in India | Lawrato
The Hindu Succession Act under Sections 24 to 28 provides for certain cases where an heir may be disqualified from inheriting the property of a person dying intestate. Of these disqualifications, one which may lead to the disqualification of the right to inherit property by a son or daughter is the provision of & lsquo murdered disqualified'. As per this provision, a person who commits or abets the commission of the murder shall be disqualified from inheriting any property of the person murdered. Thus, if a son or daughter is found guilty of murdering or abetting the murder of his/her father then, they shall be disqualified by law from claiming their share in his property upon succession.
Vineeta Sharma vs Rakesh Sharma (2020) 9 SCC 1 Recently, the Supreme Court of India, while aiming to ensure the right to equality, held in this case that a daughter coparcener would have equal HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) Properties or equal right to family property by birth, irrespective of whether the father i.e. a coparcener passed away before the 9th September 2005 (which is the day when the Parliament recognized daughter's right to equal coparcenary as a son by amending the Hindu Succession Act 1956). It was stated by the Three-Judge Bench that the right of the daughter was one bestowed by her birth and would remain unaffected by the date of her father's death. This judgment settled the confusion and issue pertaining to the applicability and scope of Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act 1956 as amended by the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005. The impact of Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma While this landmark judgment has cleared up existing doubts and confusion and significantly improved women's rights under the law, its application, in reality, is restricted. The decision applies only to HUF properties and personal and self-acquired properties remain unaffected. These assets are passed on through will or succession law. Personal wealth, including ownership rights in family businesses, are usually held by the patriarchs. Existing business families may still continue to hold wealth through HUFs, but the scale of such holdings has considerably reduced. Few business families continue to establish new HUFs and the majority of the existing HUFs have ceased to operate. Therefore, this judgment may not necessarily transfer real wealth to the daughters.
Sometimes the law and the legal framework can get confusing and difficult to understand, especially when the issue is related to family property and rights of inheritance. In such a scenario, one may not realize how to determine the legal issue, the area to which the issue relates, whether the issue requires going to court, and, how the court procedure works. Seeing a property lawyer and getting some legal advice can enable you to comprehend your choices and can give you the certainty to enable you to determine your legal recourse. You can also use LawRato's Free Legal Advice service to get free advice on your case from expert property lawyers. An experienced attorney can give you expert advice on how to handle your property matter owing to his/her years of experience in handling such cases. A is an expert on the laws and can help you avoid significant mistakes that may cause financial harm or will require future legal proceedings to correct. Thus, by hiring an attorney you can ensure avoiding delay and can get your share in the property as quickly as possible.
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Greater Kailash - 1, Delhi
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These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer
These articles are provided freely as general guides. While we do our best to make sure these guides are helpful, we do not give any guarantee that they are accurate or appropriate to your situation, or take any responsibility for any loss their use might cause you. Do not rely on information provided here without seeking experienced legal advice first. If in doubt, please always consult a lawyer.
LIngaraj Dash
If Class-I legal heirs are alive , can father be legal heir as per Hindu SA
Reply by LawRato
No. Father is a Class II heir. Given below are Class I heirs.
Son; daughter; widow; mother; son of a pre-deceased son; daughter of a pre-deceased son; son of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased daughter; widow of a pre-deceased son; [son of a pre-deceased daughter of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased daughter of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased daughter of a pre-deceased son] of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased son; daughter of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased son; widow of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased son.
Ananta Jena
2 sons of my grandfather does not want to give the land to my father. Is there any law that two son will only take that land.
Reply by LawRato
If the property is self-acquired and the grandfather has written a Will before his death, then the property will be bequeathed according to that Will. However, if there is no Will in question, the property will be divided by way of Succession as per the applicable succession laws.
The property first and foremost devolves upon all the Class 1 heirs as per The Hindu Succession Act (assuming you are Hindu). Class 1 heirs include children (sons and daughters). Hence, if your gradfather has 3 sons only as remaining surviving heirs, the property will be divided among the 3 sons equally.
However, it is important to note that you must consult with a lawyer who can guide you in the right direction after understanding the facts and circumstances of the case fully. You can hire a lawyer by clicking on the link below:
venkatachalam palaniappan
father written a will property belongs to son after her mothers death until then she can use the property whether she can claim as a legal heir
Reply by LawRato
If a valid Will has been created for self aquired property, the same will be distributed as per the Will. Only in case of a person dying without a valid Will, can the heirs claim their shares to his/her property. However, a Will can be challanged in the Court of law.
Dia
If daughter sign property paper for certain amount,can she again demand share for signed property?
Reply by LawRato
Since your question is specific and requires more information in order to guide you better, it is advised that you click on the link below and send in your query for Free Legal Advice.
Amit Patil
What happens if a property was purchased by a father in the name of minor son, and his daughter files a suit for partition?
Reply by LawRato
If the property has been purchased by the father out of his own funds, it will be categorised as self acquired property, over which the daughter cannot seek a right by way of partition. However, if the property is purchased out of funds of the family, then it may be subject to partition. It is also important to understand wheather the father is alive or not at the moment. It is thus recommended to hire a lawyer who can guide you after understanding the facts of your case in detail.
Sumera
My father died last year and now my only brother claims that we 3 sisters are not eligible to get any part in our fathers property. Is there any difference between hindu and muslim law.
Reply by LawRato
Yes, there is a difference between muslim and hindu law for succession and inheritance. Unlike Hindu law, Muslim law does not confer inheritance rights by birth.
However, if the father has died intestate, the sons, daughters and wife would have share in property as per Muslim personal law. A legal notice can be sent in order to claim the share and if that is refused, a suit for partition / division of property can be filed. You must get in touch with a lawyer who can guide you better after understanding the facts and details of your case more deeply.
DD AGARWAL
can grand son right in property of GREAT GRAND FATHER
Reply by LawRato
Yes, grandson can claim right in great grandfather’s property if the father / grandfather have died before the great grandfather. However, the scenario depends upon whether the property is self-acquired or ancestral. Since your question is very specific and requires more information in order to guide you better, it is advised that you click on the link below and send in your detailed query for Free Legal Advice.
Narasimha rao
Money spend by son in father's property. But while selling father not informed son. How to deal with this kind of situation.
Reply by LawRato
Since your question is very specific and requires more information in order to guide you better, it is advised that you click on the link below and send in your query for Free Legal Advice.
Mendu Subramanneswar Rao
My brother before my father expired My father after his death did not execute a will. Is my brother's wife eligible to get the property share or will her children get the shar
Reply by LawRato
According to Hindu Succession Act, if the male Hindu has died without a Will, then Succession will take place in accordance with the rules laid down in the Hindu Succession Act. In case the son died before the father, the father’s share will devolve upon the heirs of the predeceased son as follows:
Natalie Thomas
Hi my father passed away in 2020. He gave my brother the flat as gift to run his business. But my brother has cut me out and has not given me a copy of my father's WILL.
Reply by LawRato
A gifted property from father to son is not a part of ancestral property. However, a daughter is entitled to the rest of the ancestral property as much as the son is and the same is devised in accordance with the succession laws of India in the absence of the Will. If a valid Will has been written by the father before his death, the self acquired properties mentioned therein shall be distributed in accordance with the said Will. If the Will is registered, you can get information regarding it at the Registrar’s office and can apply for a copy for the same. You can even write a letter to the Registrar’s office stating that you are a legal heir and that you are being denied from attaining a copy of the same from your brother. A suit can also be filed for injunction. However, it is important to hire a lawyer in order to understand what direction to take after the facts and circumstances of your case are fully understood.
sneh
father 's property mai share nhi dena. ..+force+torture+Hissa chodo+ koi care nhi krta .. +per kaam +kharcha ladengy .. wt to do?
Reply by LawRato
As a father, you cannot disinherit your children from their interest in the ancestral property of the family. However, you can disinherit your children from any self-acquired property by leaving it for any person under your will. Self-acquired property is one which is not inherited but acquired by a person during his lifetime with his own funds. Also, any property acquired by way of a gift or under a will is also categorised as self-acquired property which you can choose to distribute the way you want through your will.
Lakshminarasimha
Married daughter’s are eligible for ancestral properties even father dies before 1940
Reply by LawRato
The Hon’ble Supreme Court has ruled in 2020, that a daughter will have a right in the ancestral property i.e. she will be a coparcener even though the father died before the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 became effective.
Married daughter continues to remain a coparcener even after marriage. She is entitled to ask for her share in the HUF property.
aNKIT
KYA PARTITION KARTE SAMAY HUF FAMILY ME SABKI RAJAMANDI JAROORI HAI, KYA AISA KISI DECISION ME SUPREME COURT NE KAHA HAI
Reply by LawRato
A partition suit can be filed in a court of law and does not require the consent of any other members of the Hindu undivided family.
Rizwana
If father died.. The fathers job get for elder son and proparty also add elder son what will do younger son .. How to get justice for younger son.. If father died
B ramya
Madam Proparty in 3part A B C parts 1 houses only 3 parts
Satya
Very informative and helpful.
